January 30, 2011

CRIKET CULTURE

BRIEF HISTORY
Today during the economic crisis , cultivation crickets (Liogryllus Bimaculatus) is very intense, as well as seminars that are held in many cities. This activity is mostly done considering the time required for egg production to be traded only takes ± 2-4 weeks As for the production of crickets to feed the fish and birds as well as to take the flour, requires only 2-3 months. Female crickets have a life cycle of ± 3 months, while the male is less than 3 months. The female cicada life cycle capable of producing more than 500 eggs.
 
TYPE
Type the many cultivated at the moment is Mitratus and Gryllus Gryllus testaclus, to feed the fish and birds. Both types can be distinguished from the shape of her body, where it Gryllus Mitratus wipositor shorter Gryllus Mitratus besides that have a white line on the edge of the wing backs, and the appearance of calm.

BENEFITS
Fresh crickets already known well to feed the birds chirping like poksay, kacer and hwambie and to feed the fish, good for the growth of shrimp and catfish in the form of flour.

 LOCATION REQUIREMENTS  
1) The location of cultivation should be tranquil, calm and get good air circulation.
2) The location away from noise sources such as markets, roads and so forth.
3) No exposure to direct sunlight or excessive.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING
According to Farry, 1999, livestock cricket is a type of business that if not planned carefully, will be very detrimental to business. There are several steps that need to be done in the cattle business plan for cricket, which is preparing a schedule of activities, determine the organizational structure, determine job specifications, establishing the physical facilities, planning a market approach method, prepare a budget, seek funding and implement the livestock business crickets.

Preparation Facility and Equipment  
Because crickets used to do activities at night the day, the cricket cage should not be placed under the sun, so place it in the shade and dark. Should be avoided from people passing through even more so for nesting cage.

To maintain the stable condition close to its habitat, then the cage walls smeared with mud fields and given dry leaves like banana leaves, the leaves arise, breadfruit leaves and other leaves to the hiding place of nature in addition to avoid cannibalism of crickets. The walls of the cage should be covered with duct tape inside circumference for cricket not to creep up to exit the cage.

In one side wall of the cage created a closed hole mesh to provide good air circulation and to keep the humidity stable. What matters in accordance with the need for a population of crickets each cage. According to field monitoring results and experiences of farmers, the shape is usually rectangular enclosure with a height of 30-50 cm, width of 60-100 cm, while the 120-200 cm in length.

Box (enclosure) can be made from wood with a framework of rafters, but to save costs, then the enclosure wall can be made from plywood. The cage is usually made compound, and the cage bottom having a minimum four-foot buffer. To avoid disruption of animals such as ants, mice, lizards and other insects, the four foot cages covered with bowls of water, kerosene or even vaseline (fat) that on dabs in each foot buffer.

Nurseries
1) Selection of Seeds and Prospective Parent
Seeds should be required to raise a healthy, no pain, no disability (tentacle or a broken leg) and the age of about 10-20 days. Prospective parent is a good cricket crickets from the wild catch, because it usually has better endurance. Even if the female parent can not be from wild catches, then the parent can be purchased from the farm. While the male parent cultivated from the wild, because it is more aggressive.

The characteristics of sires, female and male parent were as follows:
a. Sires:
- Growled (antenna) is still long and full.
- Both hind legs are still incomplete.
- Can jump with a nimble, agile and look healthy.
- Body and glossy black fur crickets.
- Choose a great parent.
- View select crickets that emit liquid from the mouth and anus, if held.

b. Male Parent :
- Always remove the chirping sound.
- The surface of the wing or back rough and bumpy.
- Do not have the ovipositor in the tail.
- Master Female:
- No chirping.
- Smooth surface of the back or wing.
- No ovipositor under the tail to remove the eggs.

1) Seed treatment and Prospective Parent
Nursing crickets that have been removed from the old hatchery box
10 days must be properly addressed and controlled the food, because its growth is very rapid. So if food is less, then the puppies would be a cannibal crickets eat the weak seedlings. It should also be controlled humidity and animal pests, namely, ants, mice, lizard, cockroaches and spiders To reduce cannibal nature of crickets, the food should not be less. Foods that commonly given include yams, cassava, vegetables and leaves and given alternately every day.

2) Breeding system
Until now the known breeding Cricket is by mating male and female parent, while for the spawn there is a natural and there is also by Caesarean. But the risk of caesarean section by the female parent likely to die and the eggs obtained uneven hatch parents so that power is low.

3) Reproduction and Marriage  
Holding the power to produce eggs high hatch  ± 80-90% when given highly nutritious food. Each breeder has a special potions given to the parent cricket among other things: corn bran, glutinous items, fish meal, egg yolk duck, calc and sometimes coupled with the vitamin.

Besides the stable atmosphere should be similar to the wild habitat, cage walls smeared clay, white cement and wood glue, and given the dry leaves like banana leaves, teak leaves, sugar cane leaves and wood shavings.
 
Crickets usually lay their eggsin sand or soil. So nesting in cages specially prepared sand media are inserted small on a plate . Comparisons between female and male 10: 2, in order to obtain high  power eggs. If the crickets have finished laying eggs about 5 days, then the egg is separated from its mother so as not to be eaten inside its mother and then cage sprayed with an antibiotic solution (cotrymoxale). In addition to natural spawning, nesting can also be done by Caesarean. But the shortcomings are not uniformly mature eggs (hatchability).

4) The delivery process
Before hatching eggs should be prepared beforehand that the surface of the cage in cages covered with sand, husk or a soft towel. In one cage enough to put 1-2 teaspoons egg in which one teaspoon of eggs is estimated to range between 1500-2000 eggs. During this process the egg color will change color from clear to cloudy look. Humidity should be maintained by spraying eggs eggs every day and eggs should be in alternating and forth to avoid mildew. Eggs will hatch about 4-6 days evenly.

Maintenance
1) Sanitation and Preventive Measures
As already mentioned above that in the management of this cricket farm sanitation is an issue that is very important. To avoid any toxic substances or materials contained in the cage, the crickets before introduction into the cage, it's good cage cleaned first and smeared mud fields. To prevent pests, then the cage was given legs and each leg of each inserted into cans filled with water.

2) Control of Diseases
For the selected magnification crickets healthy and separated from the sick. Animal feed must be maintained not to get a moldy because it can become a den of disease. The cage is kept moist but not wet, because wet cage can also cause disease.

3) Animal Care
Treatment besides cricket cage conditions that must be cultivated together with the original habitat, which is moist and dark, it is no less important is adequate nutrition so as not to eat each other (cannibalism).

4) Feeding
1-10 days old chicks given Voor (chicken food) made from soybeans , brown rice and dried corn is mashed., After this vase, puppies can begin fed with vegetables besides corn and squash.

As for the cricket that was an arranged marriage, given the feed include: cabbage, carrot, baby corn, peanuts, cassava leaves and cucumber because of high water content. Even some that add a feed to other livestock that paired among other : corn bran, fish meal, black sticky rice, duck egg yolk, calc and some vitamins that are mashed and mixed into one.

5) Maintenance Cage
Water contained in cans at the foot of the cage, changed every 2 days and humidity enclosure must be considered and sought for danger not to get into the cage.

PEST AND DISEASE
Pest and Causes
Until now has not found a serious disease that attacks the crickets. Usually the disease is caused by the fungus attached to the leaf. While the pests that often interfere with ants or crickets are small insects, mice, lizard, frog and snake.

Attack Pest and Disease Prevention
To avoid infection by the fungus, then food and shelter contaminated leaf mold should be discarded. Pest crickets can be overcome by making by making cans filled with water, kerosene or rubbing grease on foot cage.

Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
For the time being due to pests and diseases could be addressed in preventive, then the disease can be reduced to a minimum crickets. So the administration of drugs and vaccination is not required.

HARVEST

Main Results
Breeders crickets can obtain 2 (two) main results of the economic value equal, namely: eggs that can be sold to other breeders and adult crickets to feed the birds and fish as well as for flour crickets.

Arrest
Eggs that have been laid by its mother in sand or soil, filtered and placed on a wet cloth media. For each fold of the damp cloth to put 1 teaspoon of egg which is then to be traded. As for the crickets adult age 40-55 days or 55-70 days in which the new body begins to grow wings, captured by hand and entered holding place for sale.


RAISING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Use of pesticides that have been found on agricultural lands is one of the causes of population decline crickets, as well as the wild crickets arrests made during this make drastic decline in its population.

With these reasons and the rising demand for cricket, the breeder does not let it just an opportunity to gain advantage by raising crickets with intensive because of the relatively short time to maintain the cicada has a double benefit.

With the increasing number of farmers-ranchers crickets, the demand for increasingly large cicada eggs also, so many farmers who only produce eggs crickets because the risk is smaller and faster again at a profit for about 25-30 days, compared to the process of enlargement up to 3 months.

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